SYLLABUS: 1.1 Introduction to data, database, Database system, DBMS 1.2 Field, Record, Objects, Primary Key, Alternate key, Candidate key 1.3 Advantages of using DBMS 1.4 DDL (Data Definition Language) and DML (Data Manipulation Language) 1.5 Database Model: Network Model, Hierarchical Model, Relational database model 1.6 Concept of Normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF 1.7 Centralized Vs. Distributed Database 1.8 Database Security Advantages of a DBMS over a flat-file system: 1. Improved Data Security: DBMS protects data by allowing access only to authorized users, ensuring that sensitive information remains safe. 2. Reduced Data Redundancy: DBMS reduces the unnecessary duplication of data, which saves storage space and improves efficiency. 3. Maintained Data Integrity: DBMS maintains the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data throughout the database. 4. Data Independence: DBMS allows changes to the database structure without affecting the application programs that use the data. 5. Imp...