SYLLABUS: 1.1 Introduction to data, database, Database system, DBMS 1.2 Field, Record, Objects, Primary Key, Alternate key, Candidate key 1.3 Advantages of using DBMS 1.4 DDL (Data Definition Language) and DML (Data Manipulation Language) 1.5 Database Model: Network Model, Hierarchical Model, Relational database model 1.6 Concept of Normalization: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF 1.7 Centralized Vs. Distributed Database 1.8 Database Security Advantages of a DBMS over a flat-file system: Data integrity: A database system enforces data constraints and relationships, ensuring that the data is accurate and consistent. Data independence: A database system allows for changes to be made to the structure of the data without affecting the applications that use the data. Concurrent access: A database system allows multiple users to access the same data simultaneously, without interfering with each other. Data security: A database system provides various security mechanisms to control access ...