7. Recent Trends in Technology [Most Important Questions and Solutions]
2080 GIE Set B Q.No. 14
Give any five examples of AI related applications.
2077 Set D Q.No. 7 What
is AI? Describe the applications of AI.
[2+3]
2079 Set A Q.No. 14
Explain the popular five-application areas of AI.
Ans: For Definition
of AI look on 2082 Q.No. 14
Popular Applications of AI (Example
of AI related applications) are as follows:
1) Natural
Language Processing (NLP): Enables machines to understand, interpret, and
generate human language. For example, Google Translate translates text between
multiple languages.
2) Computer
Vision: Allows systems to analyze and interpret visual data such as images
and videos. For example, Apple’s Face ID uses facial recognition to unlock
devices securely.
3) Recommendation
Systems: Suggest personalized content, products, or services based on user
preferences and behaviors. For example, YouTube recommends videos according to
a user’s viewing history.
4) Predictive
Analytics: Uses historical data and algorithms to predict future outcomes
and trends. For example, weather apps forecast conditions based on past and
current data patterns.
5) Robotics:
AI-driven machines perform tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously. For
example, Amazon’s warehouse robots automate sorting and inventory management.
6) Healthcare
Applications: AI is used to improve patient care, diagnostics, and drug
discovery. For example, AI-powered systems like PathAI assist in diagnosing
diseases from pathology slides.
7) Autonomous
Vehicles (e.g. Tesla Autopilot) and Intelligent Virtual Assistants (e.g.,
Siri, Google Assistant)
2082 Q.No. 14 What is
AI? Explain application areas of AI in education. [5]
2081 Q.No. 14 Give five
examples of AI applications in the education. [5]
Ans: Artificial
Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by
machines, especially computer systems, enabling them to perform tasks such as
learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making without
explicit human instructions. Example: A self-driving car uses AI to analyses
its surroundings, make decisions, and navigate roads safely.
Applications of AI in
Education:
1.
Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS):
Provide personalized lessons and feedback based on a student’s learning pace. Example:
Khan Academy
2.
Automated Grading Systems: Check and
score assignments or quizzes instantly, saving time and effort. Example:
Gradescope
3.
Language Translation Tools: Help students
translate study materials into their native language. Example: Google
Translate
4.
AI-based Content Creation Tools: Generate
quizzes, notes, and study materials automatically. Example: Quizlet
5.
Adaptive Learning Platforms: Adjust
content difficulty according to the learner’s progress. Example: Khan
Academy
6.
Chatbots for Student Support: Answer
common questions about courses, schedules, or homework. Example: Ivy.ai
7.
Plagiarism Detection Software: Identify
copied or unoriginal content in assignments. Example: Turnitin
8.
Virtual Classrooms & AI-Powered Assistants: Example:
Zoom with Otter.ai
2076 Q.No. 16
What are the roles of AI in our real life? List out AI related systems in our
society. [1+4] Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) helps people
by performing tasks automatically such as learning, decision making, language
translation, image recognition, and providing smart services in daily life.
AI Related Systems in Our Society
1. Virtual
Assistants – Siri, Google Assistant (answer questions and set reminders).
2. Recommendation
Systems – YouTube, Netflix (suggest videos or movies).
3. Computer
Vision Systems – Face ID, CCTV cameras (identify faces and objects).
4. Language
Translation Tools – Google Translate (translate languages).
5. Healthcare
AI Systems – PathAI (help doctors diagnose diseases).
6. Educational
AI Tools – Khan Academy, Quizlet (support learning).
7. Autonomous
Vehicles – Tesla Autopilot (self-driving support).
2081 GIE Set A Q.No. 14
Define Robotics. Explain the application of Robotics in various fields such as
industry and healthcare. [5]
Ans: Robotics is a branch of technology that involves the design,
construction, operation, and use of robots to perform tasks autonomously or
semi-autonomously. It integrates mechanical engineering, electronics, computer
science, and artificial intelligence (AI) to develop machines that can mimic
human actions or enhance efficiency in various domains.
Applications of Robotics in various fields such as industry and
healthcare are as follows:
1. Industrial Applications:
a) Manufacturing: Robots automate assembly lines
in industries like automotive and electronics, increasing precision and
productivity.
b) Warehouse Automation: Companies like Amazon
use robots for inventory management and order fulfilment.
c) Quality Control: Robots inspect products for defects,
ensuring consistency in mass production.
2. Healthcare Applications:
a) Surgical Robots: Used in procedures like
robotic-assisted surgeries (e.g., Da Vinci Surgical System).
b) Rehabilitation Robots (prosthetics): Assist
patients in physical therapy and mobility improvement.
c) Medical Delivery Robots: Transport medicines and
supplies in hospitals, reducing human contact in infection-prone areas.
2081 GIE Set B Q.No. 14 Define
the terms Big Data and IoT (Internet of Things). [5]
Ans: Big Data is a
term that describes extremely large and complex datasets that traditional data
processing methods can't handle efficiently. It covers data that is
characterized by high volume, high velocity, and high variety, often requiring
advanced techniques and technologies to analyse and extract meaningful
information. Examples of Big Data:
a) Social
media data (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram)
b) Search
engine data (Google, Bing)
c) E-commerce
transactions (Amazon, Flipkart)
d) Streaming
services data (Netflix, YouTube, Spotify)
Internet of Things (IoT)
refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other
physical objects that are embedded with sensors, software, and network
connectivity, allowing them to collect and share data. These devices, often
referred to as “smart objects,” can range from simple everyday items like smart
thermostats to complex industrial machinery.
Applications of IoT are as follows:
a) Smart Homes (e.g. smart
thermostats, security cameras)
b) Healthcare (e.g. wearable
health monitors)
c) Agriculture (e.g. smart
irrigation systems)
d) Smart Cities (e.g. traffic
management, waste monitoring)
2080 GIE Set A Q.No. 14 Define
cloud computing services. [5]
Cloud computing is the on-demand
delivery of computing services, such as servers, storage, databases,
networking, software and intelligence, over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer
faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.
Cloud computing offers various
service models that provide users with different levels of control,
flexibility, and responsibility. The three primary service models are:
1.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
Provides fundamental computing resources, such as servers, storage, and
networking, over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer on-demand access to
virtualized computing infrastructure.
Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud
Platform (GCP).
2.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): Delivers a
computing platform, such as operating systems, programming language execution
environments, databases, and web servers, over the internet (“the cloud”) to
offer developers an environment for building, testing, and deploying
applications.
Examples: Heroku, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Services.
3.
Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers
applications over the internet (“the cloud”) to offer users access to software
on demand, without the need for local installation or maintenance.
Examples: Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Salesforce.
2080 Q.No. 14 What is
cloud computing? Point out the advantage and disadvantage of cloud computing.
[1+4]
2079 GIE Set A Q.No. 14 Explain
the concept of cloud computing.
Advantages of Cloud Computing:
1.
Cost-Effective: Users save money by
paying only for the resources they use instead of buying expensive hardware.
2.
Scalability: Cloud services can easily
expand or shrink according to needs.
3.
Accessibility: Data and applications can
be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.
4.
Data Backup and Recovery: Cloud services
provide easy backup and disaster recovery options.
5.
Collaboration: Multiple users can work on
the same file or project at the same time.
Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing:
1.
Internet Dependency: Cloud services
require a reliable internet connection.
2.
Security and Privacy Risks: Storing data
in the cloud can make it vulnerable to cyberattacks.
3.
Limited Control: Users have less control
over cloud infrastructure and software.
4.
Potential Downtime: Cloud services may
sometimes be temporarily unavailable.
5.
Cost Over Time: Long-term subscription
fees can become expensive for heavy users.
2071 Supp Q.No. 11/2072 Set
C Q.No. 13 What is E-government? List the importance
of e-governance. [1+4]
2071
Set D Q.No.
14 Describe the objectives of e-governance.
2070 Set D Q.No. 14 What
are the objectives of e-governance? Explain.
2069 Q.No. 11 What are
the key challenges of implementing e-governance in developing countries?
Ans:
E-Governance (Electronic
Government):
E-governance is the use of information
and communication technology (ICT) by the government to provide services,
information, and communication to citizens, businesses, and other government
agencies. It helps make government processes faster, transparent, and
efficient.
Types of E-Governance:
1.
G2C (Government to Citizen): Services
from government to citizens, such as online tax filing
and passport application.
2.
G2B (Government to Business): Services
from government to businesses, such as business registration and online
licensing.
3.
G2G (Government to Government):
Communication and information exchange between government departments.
4.
G2E (Government to Employees): Services
for government employees, such as payroll and training programs.
Objectives(importance) of
E-government:
1. Transparency: E-governance
makes government activities clear and open to the public.
2. Efficiency: It improves the
speed and quality of government services.
3. Accessibility: It provides easy
access to services for all citizens.
4. Accountability: It holds
government officials responsible for their actions.
5. Cost-Effectiveness: It reduces
time, effort, and cost in delivering services.
6. Citizen Participation: It
encourages public involvement in decision-making processes.
Challenges of E-Governance in
Developing Countries:
1.
Poor internet and ICT infrastructure.
2.
High cost of implementation.
3.
Low digital literacy among citizens and
employees.
4.
Resistance to change from traditional methods.
5.
Data security and privacy concerns.
6. Lack of proper laws and regulations.
2078 Set C Q.No. 14 What
is E-commerce? List out demerit of E-commerce.
2075 Set B Q.No. 14 What
is E-commerce? Point out the advantages of E-commerce.
Ans:
E-commerce (electronic commerce)
is the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet,
allowing businesses and customers to conduct transactions without physical
stores.
Types of E-Commerce:
1.
B2C (Business to Customer): Businesses
sell products directly to customers online, such as Daraz and Amazon.
2.
B2B (Business to Business): Businesses
sell products or services to other businesses, such as suppliers providing
materials to manufacturers.
3.
C2C (Customer to Customer): Customers
sell products to other customers through online platforms, such as eBay.
4.
C2B (Customer to Business): Customers
offer products or services to businesses, such as through freelance platforms.
Advantages of E-Commerce:
1. It
saves time and effort for buyers and sellers.
2. It
is accessible 24/7 from anywhere with internet.
3. It
provides a wider market reach for businesses.
4. It
is cost-effective compared to physical stores.
5. It
allows convenient payment methods through online banking and digital wallets.
Disadvantages of E-Commerce:
1. It
requires internet access.
2. It
carries the risk of online fraud and data theft.
3. Customers
cannot physically inspect products before purchase.
4. It
depends on technology and delivery systems.
5. It
may face delivery delays due to logistics or courier issues.
2073 Set D / Define the terms
e-learning and virtual reality. [2.5 +
2.5]
2075 Set A Define the terms
e-business and e-learning. [2.5 + 2.5]
2075 GIE Define the terms
e-governance and e-medicine. [2.5 + 2.5]
2079 GIE Set B Write short note on
e-governance and e-commerce. [3+2]
Ans:
A] E-Learning: E-Learning is the use of electronic
media, such as the internet, computers, and digital platforms, to deliver
educational content and facilitate learning. It enables students to access
courses, training, and resources remotely, without the need for traditional
classroom settings.
Types of E-Learning:
1. Synchronous: Real-time classes
with instructors and students interacting (e.g., live webinars).
2. Asynchronous: Pre-recorded
lessons and materials that learners can access at any time (e.g., MOOCs, video
tutorials).
3. Blended Learning: Combines
online learning with traditional face-to-face education.
Advantages of E-Learning:
a) Flexibility to learn
anytime, anywhere.
b) Cost-effective, as it
reduces the need for physical infrastructure.
c) Access to a wide variety
of resources and expert instructors.
B] Virtual Reality (VR): Virtual
Reality is a technology that creates an immersive, computer-generated
environment that simulates real-world or imaginary experiences. Users interact
with this environment in a seemingly physical way, typically through
specialized devices like VR headsets, gloves, or motion controllers.
Components of VR:
1. Hardware: VR headsets (e.g.,
Oculus, HTC Vive), gloves, sensors, and controllers.
2. Software: Applications and
simulations powered by VR engines like Unity or Unreal Engine.
Applications of VR:
1) Gaming: Immersive gaming
experiences.
2) Education and Training:
Simulating real-world scenarios for learning, like flight simulators.
3) Healthcare: Therapy,
rehabilitation, and surgical training.
4) Entertainment: Virtual
tours, movies, and concerts.
5) Real Estate: Virtual
property walkthroughs.
C] E-Governance (Electronic
Government):
E-governance is the use of information
and communication technology (ICT) by the government to provide services,
information, and communication to citizens, businesses, and other government
agencies. It helps make government processes faster, transparent, and efficient.
Examples are: online tax filing, passport application, online licensing, etc.
Types of E-Governance:
a) G2C (Government to Citizen) b) G2B (Government to
Business)
c) G2G (Government to Government) d) G2E (Government to Employees).
Objectives(importance) of
E-government:
1. Transparency: E-governance makes
government activities clear and open to the public.
2. Efficiency: It improves the speed and
quality of government services.
3. Accessibility: It provides easy access
to services for all citizens.
4. Cost-Effectiveness: It reduces time,
effort, and cost in delivering services.
D] E-commerce: E-commerce (electronic
commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet,
allowing businesses and customers to conduct transactions without physical
stores.
Examples are: Daraz, SastoDeal,
Hamrobazar, etc.
Types of E-Commerce:
1. B2C
(Business to Customer) 2.
B2B (Business to Business)
3. C2C
(Customer to Customer) 4.
C2B (Customer to Business)
Advantages of E-Commerce:
1. It saves time and effort for
buyers and sellers.
2. It is accessible 24/7 from
anywhere with internet.
3. It provides a wider market
reach for businesses.
4. It is cost-effective compared
to physical stores.
5. It allows convenient payment
methods through online banking and digital wallets.
E] E-Medicine: E-Medicine is
the use of digital technologies to deliver healthcare services remotely. It
includes telemedicine, online consultations, and digital health records.
Examples: Telehealth apps like
Practo, Teladoc Health.
Key Features: Virtual
doctor-patient interactions, electronic prescriptions, and remote monitoring.
Advantages of E-Medicine:
1. It helps patients consult
doctors online from home.
2. It saves time and travelling
cost.
3. Medical records can be stored
digitally and safely.
4. Patients can get quick
prescriptions and advice.
F] E-Business: E-Business
is the use of internet and digital technology to perform business activities
like buying, selling, marketing, and managing customer services online. It
makes business faster, easier, and paperless.
Example: Online companies such as
Daraz use e-business to sell products.
Advantages of E-Business: Same as in E-Commerce
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